Vijayanagar Empire (1336 – 1646 A.D.)
The foundation of the empire of Vijayanagar in 1336 A.D.
constitutes a great event not only in South India in particularly but also in
the history of India. It was founded because of the political and cultural
movement against the Tughlaq authority in the south. Harihara I and Bukka I,
two of the five sons of Sangama, founded the empire of Vijaynagar during the
period of Muhammad Bin Tughalaq.
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Vijayanagar Empire |
Useful Information of the Vijayanagar Kingdom
1.
Founders: Harihara I and Bukka I
2.
River: Tungabhadra
3.
Sultan of Delhi: Muhammad Bin Tughalaq
4.
Ruled by: Four dynasties
a)
Sangama dynasty (1336 – 1485)
b)
Saluva dynasty (1485 – 1505)
c)
Tulava dynasty (1505 – 1570)
d)
Aravidu dynasty (1570 – 1646) Approx.
5.
Enemy: a) Bahamani
Kingdom
b)
Gajapati dynasty of Orissa
c) Sultan of Madura
d)
Hoyshala ruler of Mysore
6. Modern days location of the Vijayanagar
City: Hampi, Karnataka.
7. Time Period: 1336 – 1646 A.D.
8.
Capitals:
a) Anegondi ( Sangama dynasty )
b) Vijaynagar ( Primarily Sangama and Tulava dynasty )
c) Chandragiri ( Saluva
and Aravidu dynasty )
d) Penugonda ( Aravidu dynasty )
9. Currency: Varaha (Gold
Coin) and Pagodas.
Sangama Dynasty:-
Harihara I:
ü
First Ruler of the Sangama dynasty
ü
Laid the foundation of the city of Vidyanagar
(City of learning) in the honour of his mentor Saint Vidyaranya, later known as
Vijayanagar (City of victory)
ü
Conquered Hoyshala Kingdom.
Bukka I (1356 –
1379):
ü
The war with Bahamani kingdom was started during
his reign.
ü
First Vijayanagar ruler who sent an envoy to China.
After that
Harihara II (1379 – 1404), Devaraya I (1406 – 1422), Devaraya II (1422 – 1446),
Vijayaraya II (1446 – 47), Mallikarjuna (1447 – 65), Virupaksha II (1465 – 85),
these are the rulers of the Sangama dynasty.
Saluva Dynasty:-
Narshima Saluva , he
ruled Vijayanagar from Chandragiri.
Taluva Dynasty:-
Vir Narshima (1505 –
1509): He was the founder of Taluva Dynasty.
Krishnadeva Raya (1509 – 1530):
ü
Greatest of all the rulers of the Vijayanagar
empire.
ü
He took the title of “Yavanrajya Sthapanacharya”
and “ Abhinava Bhoja”.
ü
Wrote “Amuktamalyada” in Telugu and “Jambavati
Kalyanam” in Sanskrit.
ü
His court was adorned by “Asthadiggajas” (the
eight Telugu Poets).
ü
His most notable military achievement was the
recovery of the Raichur Doab from Bijupur.
ü
He defeated the Gajapati king of Orissa.
ü
Famous temple like Hazara Ramswami and
Vithalswami were built during his time and a city called Nagalpura, in memory
of his mother, Nagamba.
ü
Krishnadeva Raya was considered as the last
powerful Hindu ruler of India.
Achyuta Raya (1530 –
1542):
Portuguese traveler Fernano
Numiz visited his court.
Sadashiva Raya (1543 –
1569):
ü
Last ruler of Taluva dynasty.
ü
He was only a titular sovereign, the actual government
was controlled by Rama Raya who became the undisputed master of the whole of
Vijayanagar empire.
ü
Battle of Talikota (1565) took place during his
reign.
Aravidu Dynasty:-
Tirumala:
ü
Founder of Aravidu dynasty.
ü
He was the brother of Rama Raya.
ü
He shifted his capital to Penugon.
Venkata II:
ü
He was the most important ruler of this dynasty.
ü
He shifted his capital to Chandragiri.
ü
During his time English and Dutch Company
established their factory in the East coast of India.
Sriranga III:
He was the last ruler of the Vijayanagar
Empire.
Revenue Administration:-
Land revenue from
the crown lands was the most important source of revenue. Land revenue known as
sist was the principal source of income.
Army:-
There was a well organized
and efficient standing army. The army had four divisions, Infantry, Cavalry,
Elephant Crops and Artillery. The military department in the Vijayanagar empire
was called the Kandachara. The head of the military department was Dandanayaka
or Dannayaka (Commander-in-Chief).
Trade and Commerce:-
The principal articles
of exports were cloth, rice, iron, saltpeter, sugar, and spices, and the
imports into the empire were horse, elephants, pearls, copper, coral, mercury,
china silks and velvet.
Religion:-
The religion of most
of the kings was Vaishnavism. The Hanuman symbol on the coins of Harihara and
Bukka, of Venkatesha and Balakrishna on those of Krishnadeva Raya, of Garuda in
those of Achyuta deva Raya and of Varaha in those of Tirumala signifies that
all of them were the followers of Vaishnavasim.
Vijayanagar Empire
Reviewed by Exam Canvas
on
May 07, 2020
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