Agriculture in India

Agriculture of India:-

India is mainly an agricultural land. 70% of its populations are still lives on agriculture. It includes farming, animal rearing and fishing. The history of Indian agriculture came from Indus Valley Civilization. India has ranked second position in worldwide in farm outputs. Indian agricultural products, horticultural products and processed foods are sent out in excess of 120 nations around the globe.

Agriculture in India

Agricultural Seasons in India:

There are mainly three major crop seasons are seen in India. These are discussed below:-

1. Kharif Crop:

"Kharif" is Arabic word for harvest time since the season matches with the start of pre-winter or winter. Kharif crops likewise are known as storm crops. These are the yields that are developed in the rainstorm season. The Kharif season varies in each condition of the nation yet is by and large from June to September. These yields are normally planted toward the start of the storm season around June and collected by September or October. Rice, maize, bajra, ragi, soybean, jowar,groundnut, cotton, jute are all Kharif types crops. 

Let us discuss some of these crops in below –

 

 a) Rice:

As referenced previously, India is the second biggest maker of rice on the planet after China. India represents around 20% of the universes rice creation. It is seemingly the most significant agrarian harvest that develops in the nation. Rice is a staple food dish India, and its development is likewise boundless the nation over.

Rice conspicuously develops in high precipitation territories. It requires normal temperatures of 25°c and at least 100 cms of precipitation. It's generally developed in waterlogged rice paddy fields. Upper east fields and waterfront regions are the significant rice delivering territories of the nation.

 b) Maize:

After rice and wheat, maize is the most significant grain crop in India. It represents around one-tenth of the complete horticultural produce in India. Development of maize is engaged in the locales of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. It requires temperatures in the scope of 21°c to 27°c and precipitation of between 50 cms to 75 cms.

 c) Cotton:

Cotton is the most significant fiber crop of India as well as of the whole world. Its seed (binola) is utilized in vanaspati industry and can likewise be utilized as a component of grub for milch cows to show signs of improvement milk.

 d) Jute:

Close to cotton, jute is the second significant fiber harvest of India. Jute is in extraordinary interest as a result of the efficiency, delicate quality, quality, length, radiance and consistency of its fiber.

It is utilized for assembling a huge assortment of articles, for example, gunny packs, hessian, ropes, strings, rugs, floor coverings and garments, canvases, upholstery and design pieces.

2. Rabi Crop:

Rabi crops are sown in the month of October to December and it is harvested in the month of April to May. Rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, rapeseed, mustard, grains. 

Some of these Rabi crops are discussed below –

a) Wheat:

India, being the second biggest maker of wheat on the world, it has a high reliance on this rabi crop for its rural pay. Wheat is a staple food among Indians, particularly in the northern areas. Wheat requires cool temperatures during its developing season in the scope of about 14°c to 18°c.  Wheat requires brilliant daylight and marginally hotter temperatures. Uttar Pradesh is the biggest wheat developing state in India firmly followed by Punjab and Haryana.

b) Mustard:

Mustard has a place with the 'Cruciferae' family and is broadly utilized in India for cooking purposes. Additionally, mustard is utilized to extricate oil, which is eatable and is dominatingly utilized in Indian cooking. It requires a subtropical atmosphere to develop which is a dry and cool atmosphere. The temperature range to develop mustard is between 10°c to 25°c. Rajasthan has the biggest creation of mustard in India.

3. Zaid Crop:

There is a short season among Kharif and Rabi season in the long periods of March to July. Zaid crops are sown in the month of February to March and it is harvested in the month of May to June. Zaid Crops are urad, moong, melons, etc.