List of high courts in india and their jurisdiction till 2020

List of high courts in india and their jurisdiction till 2020

☑ High Courts in India: An Overview

The High Courts of India are the main civil courts of the main judiciary in each State and Union Territory.

However, the High Court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the lower court is not authorized to try such matters in the absence of law, authority, and vested jurisdiction. The High Court may enjoy the basic justice in certain cases, if it is specifically designated by a state or federal law.

Basically, most of the work of the High Court consists mainly of appeals of the lower courts and writ petitions in terms of Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution. Right jurisdiction is also a real jurisdiction of a high court.

Each state is divided into judicial districts presided over by district and session judges. He is known as a district judge when he presides over a civil case and also known as a sessions judge when he presides over a criminal case. He is the highest judicial authority under a judge of the High Court. Beneath it, there are courts of civil justice, known by different names in different states. Under Article 141 of the Constitution, all courts of India, including the High Court, are bound by the judgments and orders of the Supreme Court of India on a priority basis.

Judges of a High Court are appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Chief Justice of India and the Governor of the State. The High Court is headed by the Chief Justice. The Chief Justices of High Courts are ranked 14th (within their respective states) and 17th (outside their respective states) as per the order of Indian priority. The number of judges in a court is divided by the national average over the past five years to the average institution of the main case, or the average rate of settlement of major cases per judge per year in that High Court, whichever is higher.

The Calcutta High Court is the oldest high court in the country, established on 2 July 18262. The High Court, which has conducted numerous cases in a particular region, has set up permanent benches there. Benches are also present in states that fall under the jurisdiction of the court outside its territorial boundaries. In some cases circuit benches may be set up in smaller states. Circuit benches (known as circuit courts in some parts of the world) are temporary courts that conduct activities for a few selected months of the year. Thus cases created during this interim period are tried when there is a circuit court session. According to a March 2015 survey of 21 high courts conducted by the Bangalore-based NGO Dakshin in collaboration with the Ministry of Law and Justice, the average length of a case in the Indian High Court is 3 years.

The buildings of the Bombay High Court (as part of the Victorian and Art Deco of Mumbai) and the Punjab and Haryana High Courts (as part of the architecture of Le Corbusier) are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

List of Total Numbers of High Courts in India till 2020

Till now there are 25 total numbers of High Courts in India. The list of High Courts of all states and union territories is given below:-

LIST OF HIGH COURTS IN INDIA

Year	Name	Territorial Jurisdiction	Seat	Bench
1862	Bombay	Maharashtra, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Goa, Daman Diu	Mumbai	Panaji, Aurangabad, and Nagpur
1862	Kolkata	West Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar islands	Kolkata	Port Blair
1862	Madras	Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry	Chennai	Madurai
1866	Allahabad	Uttar Pradesh	Allahabad	Lucknow
1884	Karnataka	Karnataka	Bengaluru	Dharwad and Gulbarga
1916	Patna	Bihar	Patna	Patna
1948	Guwahati	Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh	Guwahati	Kohima, Aizawl, and Itanagar
1949	Odisha	Odisha	Cuttack	Cuttak
1949	Rajasthan	Rajasthan	Jodhpur	Jaipur
1956	Madhya Pradesh	Madhya Pradesh	Jabalpur	Gwalior and Indore
1958	Kerala	Kerala & Lakshadweep	Ernakulam	Ernakulam
1960	Gujarat	Gujarat	Ahmedabad	Ahmedabad
1966	Delhi	Delhi	Delhi	Delhi
1971	Himachal Pradesh	Himachal Pradesh	Shimla	Shimla
1975	Punjab & Haryana	Punjab, Haryana & Chandigarh	Chandigarh	Chandigarh
1975	Sikkim	Sikkim	Gangtok	Gangtok
2000	Chattisgarh	Chattisgarh	Bilaspur	Bilaspur
2000	Uttarakhand	Uttarakhand	Nainital	Nainital
2000	Jharkhand	Jharkhand	Ranchi	Ranchi
2013	Tripura	Tripura	Agartala	Agartala
2013	Manipur	Manipur	Imphal	Imphal
2013	Meghalaya	Meghalaya	Shillong	Shillong
2019	Telangana	Telangana	Hyderabad	Hyderabad
2019	Andhra Pradesh	Andhra Pradesh	Amravati	Amravati
2019	Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh	Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh

 

(Note:  In 1928, Jammu & Kashmir high court was established. Post-bi-furcation of J&K into two union territories; there is now a common high court.)

 

🕀 Appointment of the Judges:

✔ The Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the President with the consultation of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the Governor of the State.

✔ The other judges of the High Court are appointed by the will of President, Governor and the Chief Justice of High Court.
 

🕀 Qualifications for the Judges:

✔ He should be a citizen of India.

✔ He should have been an advocate in one or more High Courts in India or he should have held in judicial office in any part or territory of India for minimum 10 years.

✔ He should have been held judge for at least 10 years in subordinate courts in India.
 

🕀 Tenure:

✔ Originally the age of the retirement of the judges of the High Courts was fixed at 60 but after the 15th amendment of the Constitution in 1963 the age was raised to 62 years.
 

🕀 Removal of the Judges:

1. A judge may leave his office by sending resignation letter to the President of India.
2. His office would be considered to have been vacated if he is appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court or is transferred to some other High Court.
3. A judge of High Court may be removed by the President of India if the Parliament passes a motion against him by an absolute majority and 2/3rd majority of the members present and voting, both the Houses sitting separately.

Powers and Functions of High Court

High Court has the following jurisdiction and powers:

1) Power to issue certain writs:-Every High Court has the power to issue writs like habeus corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo-warranto and certiorari for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights or for any other purposes.

2) Power of Superintendence: Every High Court has the power of superintendence over all the Courts of India and also the Tribunals throughout the territories in relation to which it exercises it’s jurisdiction.

3) Power to transfer case:  If the High Court is satisfied that a case pending in a lower court involves a sufficient question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution, which needs to be determined for disposal of the case, it will withdraw the case and may- Either settles the case itself; Or
Determine the question raised by the law and return the case to the court from which the case has been withdrawn with a copy of the judgment of such question, and that court will receive a receipt to dispose of the case. Such as judgment.

4) Consultation in the appointment and posting etc. of District Judges: The High Court has the power of the appointment, posting and promotion of District Judges in consultation with The Governor of the State. It is also has the power of the appointment of other members of the State Judicial Service.

5) Control over subordinate courts: The High Court has subordinate control over the district courts and subordinate controls of the courts and promotions and promotions and leave grants to persons below the judicial level of the state.

6) Other Basic and appellate powers: The High Court has original and appellate jurisdiction over civil and criminal procedure and civil and criminal matters granted by letter of patent.

 

✅ High Courts in India:  FAQs

Q1. How many high courts are there in India 2021?

Ans. Total 25 High Courts are there in India now.

Q2. Which is the newly constituted High Court in India?

Ans. Telangana and Andhra Pradesh High Courts were the newly constituted High Court in India and established in 2019.

Q3. Which state of India does not have its own High Court?

Ans. Goa, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Nagaland do not have its own high court.

Q4. Which is the biggest High Court in India?

Ans. Allahabad High Court is the biggest High Court in India.

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